Ib qho qauv tsim nyog tuaj yeem tiv thaiv ntau yam tsis xws luag. Txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau siab - zoo castings, cov hauv qab no yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab txog qhov yuav tsum tau muaj rau cov qauv:
**1. Yam tsawg kawg nkaus phab ntsa Thickness ntawm Castings **
Nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob casting, qhov tsawg kawg nkaus thickness ntawm cov casting alloy tuaj yeem ua tiav cov pwm raug xa mus rau qhov tsawg kawg nkaus phab ntsa thickness ntawm casting. Txhawm rau kom cov hlau tsis muaj peev xwm sau cov pwm thiab tsis txhob muaj qhov tsis xws luag xws li misruns lossis txias kaw, phab ntsa thickness ntawm cov casting yuav tsum tsis txhob tsawg dua qhov tsawg kawg nkaus thickness. Qhov tsawg kawg nkaus phab ntsa thickness nyob ntawm yam xws li cov txheej txheem casting, casting alloy, ib feem qauv, pouring kub, thiab pwm zog.
**2. Critical Phab ntsa Thickness ntawm Castings **
Thaum ua kom cov phab ntsa tuab ntawm cov hlau casting muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau lub peev xwm los sau cov pwm, nws tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov tsis xws luag xws li shrinkage kab noj hniav, porosity, ntxhib microstructures, thiab kev sib cais, uas txo cov khoom siv ntawm cov casting. Rau ntau yam casting alloys, muaj ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm phab ntsa thickness. Tshaj li qhov tseem ceeb ntawm phab ntsa thickness no, cov khoom siv ntawm cov casting tsis nce proportionally nrog thickness tab sis es tsis txhob poob ho. Rau malleable hlau castings, phab ntsa thickness yuav tsum tsis txhob loj heev kom ntseeg tau tias cov hlau dawb preforms. Rau ductile hlau castings, cov ntu tuab heev tuaj yeem ua rau graphite ntab thiab nodularity degeneration, ua rau cov nodularity tsis zoo thiab ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj hauv cov khoom siv kho tshuab. Yog li ntawd, cov phab ntsa thickness ntawm cov hlau hlau castings kuj yuav tsum tau khaws cia nyob rau hauv qhov tsim nyog txwv.
Cov qauv tsim ntawm castings yuav tsum tau tshawb fawb los txiav txim siab phab ntsa thickness raws li cov txheej txheem xws li cov hlau casting thiab txoj kev, zam cov seem tuab heev. Los ntawm kev xaiv tus ntoo khaub lig uas tsim nyog- cov duab ntu thiab siv cov hlua txuas ntxiv kom txo cov phab ntsa tuab, phab ntsa tuab tuaj yeem khaws cia ntawm qhov tsawg kawg nkaus thiab qhov tseem ceeb, yog li txuag cov khoom thiab txo qhov hnyav ntawm cov casting. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm phab ntsa thickness yog zoo sib xws rau cov casting alloy thiab txoj kev. Rau cov xuab zeb casting, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm phab ntsa thickness rau ntau yam casting alloys feem ntau yuav suav tau tias yog peb zaug ntawm qhov tsawg kawg nkaus phab ntsa thickness.
** 3. Thickness ntawm puab phab ntsa ntawm Castings **
Cov cua kub dissipation tej yam kev mob rau sab hauv phab ntsa ntawm castings yog tsis zoo, ua rau qeeb qeeb qeeb thiab solidification tus nqi. Ntawm qhov sib txuas ntawm cov phab ntsa sab hauv thiab sab nrauv, thermal stresses tau yooj yim tsim, ua rau cov kab nrib pleb hauv cov casting. Rau cov hlau uas muaj qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib zog shrinkage, cov phab ntsa sab hauv kuj ua rau cov kab noj hniav thiab cov porosity. Yog li ntawd, cov phab ntsa sab hauv ntawm castings yuav tsum yog nyias dua li cov phab ntsa sab nrauv kom ntseeg tau tias cov cua txias tsis sib xws thiab txo qis thermal stresses, yog li tsis txhob muaj qhov tsis xws luag xws li tawg.
** 4. Kev hloov pauv thiab kev sib txuas ntawm Casting Walls **
Casting phab ntsa thickness yuav tsum sib xws li qhov ua tau kom tsis txhob muaj cov seem tuab thiab tiv thaiv kev tsim ntawm cov chaw kub. Cov qauv ntawm cov casting yuav tsum tsis txhob tsim qhov tseem ceeb tiv thaiv shrinkage. Kev saib xyuas yuav tsum tau them rau cov phab ntsa thickness hloov pauv thiab cov fillets, siv cov kev hloov maj mam thiab cov radii loj dua los txuas cov ntu thiab tiv thaiv cov kab nrib pleb los ntawm kev ntxhov siab.
Hom kev sib txuas ntawm cov phab ntsa hauv cov castings feem ntau tuaj yeem muab faib ua tsib hom: K-zoo li tus, X-puab, H-puab, Y-puab, thiab ntoo khaub lig-puab. Nyob rau ntawm cov phab ntsa ntawm cov phab ntsa, cov tuab tuab ua rau qhov kub thiab txias, ua rau qeeb zog thiab tsis xws luag xws li kev ntxhov siab, tawg, deformation, shrinkage kab noj hniav, thiab porosity. Yog li ntawd, L- kev sib txuas zoo li yuav tsum tau nyiam kom txo qis thiab cuam tshuam cov chaw kub thiab tsis txhob hla kev sib txuas.
Rau castings ua los ntawm alloys nrog loj volumetric shrinkage, xws li steel castings, uas yog prone rau shrinkage defects, ib feem ntawm cov qauv yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo tshuaj xyuas kom paub tseeb tias muaj peev xwm ntawm directional solidification.
**5. Tiv thaiv Warping thiab Deformation ntawm Castings **
Nyias-walled elongated castings, loj ca castings, thiab elongated lub thawv-zoo li tus yam uas tsis sib xws phab ntsa thickness, xws li tshuab cuab tam txaj, yog heev warping thiab deformation. Rau thawj ob hom, deformation tshwm sim vim tsis txaus structural rigidity thiab sab hauv stresses tshwm sim los ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov cua txias nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw, ua rau muaj teeb meem warping. Rau yav tas los, deformation tshwm sim los ntawm qhov sib txawv loj ntawm phab ntsa thickness, uas ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab sab hauv thaum txias. Warping thiab deformation ntawm castings tuaj yeem hais los ntawm kev txhim kho cov qauv casting lossis siv cov qauv rov qab deformation.
**6. Zam Kev Loj Kab Kab Ntsig **
Thaum lub sij hawm pouring, yog hais tias ib tug loj kab rov tav nto tshwm nyob rau hauv lub pwm kab noj hniav, lub molten hlau qhov nce ceev yuav txo qis heev thaum nws mus txog qhov chaw no vim qhov kev nthuav dav ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig-section. Lub sij hawm ntev ntawm cov pwm saum npoo av kom sov tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov tsis xws luag xws li xuab zeb, hlawv - rau, xuab zeb qhov, thiab misruns. Txhawm rau txo qhov no, cov phab ntsa kab rov tav tuaj yeem tsim kho dua li cov phab ntsa inclined. Yog tias tsis tuaj yeem hloov cov txheej txheem, tilted pouring cov txheej txheem yuav tsum tau saws.
