3D luam ntawv, tseem hu ua kev tsim khoom ntxiv (AM), yog cov khoom lag luam zoo sib xws los ntawm cov qauv txheej txheem ntawm digital. Nrog kev txhim kho kev ua lag luam ntawm 3D luam ntawv tshuab, ntau txoj kev sib koom ua ke tau tshwm sim, cov hom khoom sib txawv, thiab cov xwm txheej. Kab lus no yuav siv cov kev faib tawm thiab tshawb xyuas 3D tshuab luam ntawv los ntawm peb qhov kev xav, cov ntawv thov kev lag luam, thiab kev siv kev lag luam.
I. Kev faib tawm los ntawm cov hauv paus ntsiab lus
Cov tub ntxhais ntawm 3D tshuab luam ntawv tshuab dag nyob hauv nws txoj kev moulding. Cov kev faib tawm tseem ceeb tam sim no yog ua raws cov qauv thoob ntiaj teb ISO / ASTM 52900: 2015, uas sib cais ntxiv cov txheej txheem sib ntxiv rau hauv xya lub koom haum:
1. Cov khoom siv rho tawm
Cov khoom siv tsis muaj ib qho ntawm 3D luam ntawv tshuab, ntaus ntawv los ntawm fused Deposition Modeling (FDM). Cov tshuab no siv cov cua sov kom yaj cov khoom siv thermoplastic (xws li PLA lossis ABS) thiab extrudes nws txheej los ntawm txheej, ua rau nws txias. FDM yog dav siv hauv kev kawm, prootyping, thiab cov neeg siv khoom lag luam vim nws cov khoom siv tsawg dua thiab kev lag luam yooj yim.
2. Photopolymerization
Photopolymerization siv UV teeb lossis lwm qhov teeb tsa los kho cov kua cov duab kos duab. Mas siv yog cov khoom ua yeeb yam (SLA) thiab cov tshuab digital (DLP). SLA siv laser scanning los kho lub resin taw tes los ntawm taw tes, thaum DLP siv ib qho projector kom nthuav tawm tag nrho saum npoo, nce kev luam ntawv ceev. Cov thev naus laus zis yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev tsim cov seem uas yuav tsum muaj qhov ntsuas siab thiab zoo li cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub, qauv hniav, thiab cov khoom siv me me.
3. Hmoov txaj Fusion (PBF)
Hmoov txaj fusion siv lub laser lossis electron nqaj rau xaiv cov melt hlau lossis yas hmoov, sintering nws txheej los ua khoom siv khoom. Xaiv Laser Sintering (SLS) yog qhov tsim nyog rau thermoplastic cov ntaub ntawv xws li Nylon, thaum Electron Beasing Melting (EBM) yog siv rau kev tsim cov hlau uas muaj alloys thiab hlau stainless. PBF thev naus laus zis yog dav siv hauv kev thov cov ntawv thov xws li aerospace thiab kev cog phom sij thiab kev kho mob.
4. Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob
Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob yog zoo ib yam li cov luam ntawv tsoos), tab sis siv cov kua papsensitive cob lossis wax {} raws cov ntaub ntawv, uas yog tom qab ntawd kho txheej los ntawm txheej siv UV teeb. Cov cuab yeej thev naus laus zis ntau- cov khoom siv thiab cov qauv kho kom haum, xws li cov qauv kho mob thiab micro {} technical cov khoom siv kho tshuab.
5. Bderker Jetting
Binder Jetting siv cov khoom txau tau xaiv los ntawm lub nozzle rau cov khoom siv hmoov uas xws li hlau, ceramic, lossis xuab zeb. Cov khoom siv yog ntxiv dag zog los ntawm Post - kev ua xws li sintering lossis infiltration. Cov thev naus laus zis no yog tsim nyog rau kev ua nrawm nrawm, xuab zeb pwm ua, thiab loj {3} kev teev ntau lawm cov hlau seem.
6. Qhia Rau Lub Zog Zog (Ded)
Qhia Kev Ncaj Ncees (DED) siv laser lossis arc kom yaj cov hmoov melt hlau lossis xaim thiab tso nyiaj txheej los ntawm txheej. Nws yog feem ntau siv rau kev kho ib feem thiab kev tsim kho hybrid, sib txuas ua ke thiab cov txheej txheem sib txawv (piv txwv li, hybrid com). Cov thev naus laus zis yog haum rau kev kho thiab ntxiv dag zog rau cov hlau loj thiab muaj cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb hauv lub zog thiab aerospace sector.
7. Cov ntawv lamination
Cov ntawv lamination cuam tshuam nrog kev sib tham lossis vuam nyias cov ntawv (xws li ntawv ci, lossis polymer) thiab tom qab ntawd tsim cov duab kawg los ntawm kev txiav lossis milling. Cov thev naus laus zis no yog tsawg - tus nqi, tab sis muaj kev txwv thiab zoo rau cov kev siv cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb xws li cov qauv ntim thiab qauv architectural.
Ii. Kev faib tawm los ntawm cov khoom hom
Qhov sib txawv ntawm 3D luam cov ntaub ntawv luam tawm tau txuas ntxiv nws cov ntawv thov ntau. Lawv tuaj yeem yog cov qhab nia feem ntau raws li hauv qab no:
1. Thermopastics
Cov ntaub ntawv no, xws li Pla, Abs, thiab PetG, yog tsim nyog rau FDM Technology thiab tau siv dav hauv kev ua yeeb yam, kev kawm, thiab cov neeg siv khoom lag luam.
2. Yees duab Resins
Siv nyob rau hauv SLA / DLP thev naus laus zis, lawv muab cov kev ntsuas du thiab du thaj chaw, ua rau lawv haum rau cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub, tsev kho hniav, thiab micro {{} machinery.
3. Cov Khoom Siv Hlau
Cov no suav nrog titanium alloys, alloys alloys, hlau stainless, thiab siab - kub alloys. Lawv feem ntau yog siv hauv PBF thiab Ded thev naus laus zis, thiab siv nyob rau hauv Aerospace, tsheb, thiab kev cog hniav, thiab kev cog lus.
4. Cov ntaub ntawv muaj feem xyuam
Luam tawm siv cov hnab roj hmab lossis SLA Technology, lawv yog qhov tsim nyog rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, thiab cov khoom siv siv nyob rau hauv high - qhov chaw ib puag ncig.
5. Composite Cov Khoom Siv
Cov ntaub ntawv no, xws li Carbon Fiber Reinfled plastics thiab hlau matrix sib xyaw, ua ke cov txiaj ntsig hlau ntawm cov khoom siv siab ntau yam.
III. Kev faib tawm los ntawm kev ua ntawv thov
3D luam ntawv thev naus laus zis kuj tseem tuaj yeem faib raws li lawv cov ntawv thov kev lag luam:
1. Kev tiv thaiv sai
Cov thev naus laus zis xws li FDM thiab SLA tau siv dav hauv kev txhim kho thaum ntxov cov khoom lag luam kom paub tseeb tsim qauv thiab luv R & D Cycles.
2. Direct Digital Raug Digital (DDM)
Siv cov cuab yeej hlau thiab txiav kom tau siv rau cov khoom lag luam tsis zoo, xws li cov dav hlau cav, pwm tshuab thiab cov khoom siv tshuab nyuaj.
3. Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv (Cov Ntawv Thov Biomedical)
Cov ntaub ntawv luam tawm Resin thiab cov hlau 3D siv rau cov qauv kev ua kom zoo, kho hniav kho dua, thiab cov ntaub so ntswg ua cov scaffolds.
4. Architecture thiab kos duab
Loj - nplai fdm thiab siv cov roj teeb hluav taws xob siv los tsim cov kws kho vajtse, duab puab, thiab cov khoom lag luam kab lis kev cai.
3D luam ntawv tshuab tuaj yeem faib ntau yam, kev ua rau muaj ntau haiv neeg muaj ntau yam los ntawm cov ntawv sau ua ke, cov khoom siv rau kev lag luam. Nrog kev hloov pauv nruam hauv cov ntaub ntawv science, software txheej txheem kho vajtse, ua rau muaj cov khoom siv tawv me me, ua rau muaj kev lag luam me me nyob rau thaj chaw xws li, aerospace, thiab tsheb. Nyob rau yav tom ntej, nrog kev txhim kho ntawm ntau- cov khoom siv sib xyaw ua ke ntawm kev tsim khoom lag luam rau cov ntse thiab tus kheej raug.
